Hrrm, that's not good. Postfix *is* running, right? (pgrep master is the command to use to check.)
Please try to send mail from command line and in another terminal do
tail -f /var/log/maillog
which will print the error messages as they occur. Sorry, my brain is frazzled tonight, there's a good chance there's a simple answer to this. Hopefully, someone who is better at troubleshooting postfix than I am will see this and tell us.